tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post1581528261323592651..comments2024-03-12T09:39:48.847-07:00Comments on New Indology: Indo-European and other linguistic families: space for proposalsGiacomo Benedettihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18418729274995219594noreply@blogger.comBlogger404125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-2011384920039932552017-04-26T10:32:19.300-07:002017-04-26T10:32:19.300-07:00For my part, I would like also to thank you for gi...For my part, I would like also to thank you for giving all this space in your posts to comment and mostly for sharing all your knowledge on the subject. I think it was a fruitful experience for all of us!Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-86937955998393246452017-04-25T14:32:53.171-07:002017-04-25T14:32:53.171-07:00I think the time has come to stop this way of proc...I think the time has come to stop this way of proceeding by comments on different proposals. It is too dispersive, and I want to concentrate on writing new posts now as you know. So, if someone still likes to add proposals may do it here, but I do not encourage this anymore. Thank you for your effort and contribution, anyway!Giacomo Benedettihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/18418729274995219594noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-70198968078723391512017-04-25T03:12:58.285-07:002017-04-25T03:12:58.285-07:00So we discussed about a lot of relations between I...So we discussed about a lot of relations between IE and other languages and groups and results are quite satisfactory . Giacomo Can you please open another post so we can continue :) ?. Nirjhar007https://www.blogger.com/profile/12880827026479135118noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-19824882036068400872017-04-24T14:27:19.612-07:002017-04-24T14:27:19.612-07:00Sum. numun, wr. numun3 "insect(s), bug(s); ca...Sum. numun, wr. numun3 "insect(s), bug(s); caterpillar" Akk. kalmatu; nāpû, looks similar to nymphe too.Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-21911550072501178782017-04-23T09:44:50.881-07:002017-04-23T09:44:50.881-07:00There is also Sum. nim, wr. nim "fly, (flying...There is also Sum. nim, wr. nim "fly, (flying) insect" Akk. zumbu; and nymphe means also "insect in a pupa stage" (according to Hesychyius "flying ant").<br /><br />https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BD%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%B7<br /><br />http://www.assyrianlanguages.org/akkadian/dosearch.php?searchkey=3120&language=id<br /><br />Akkadian zumbu "fly" is of the same origin with Hebrew zebub (Proto Semitic *d_VbVb-); like Beel-zebub (Lord of the Flies).<br /><br />http://www.assyrianlanguages.org/akkadian/dosearch.php?searchkey=3120&language=id<br /><br />http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fsemham%2fafaset&text_number=+365&root=config<br /><br />http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fsemham%2fsemet&text_number=+235&root=config<br /><br />Akkadian "zumbu" (if from "dumbu") seems close to νύμφη nymphe / numpha (z-umb-u / n-umph-a); the equation d/n is attested in words like δύναμαι dynamai / νύναμαι nynamai (to be able to, have the power to).<br /><br />https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B9Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-46201689457516801892017-04-23T00:55:47.599-07:002017-04-23T00:55:47.599-07:00The meaning "bride's male attendant"...The meaning "bride's male attendant", I suppose, is of a different meaning than "herald" (according to Halloran is from mi2,'woman' + ĝar,'to deliver'); also some writings (in ePSD) like 'migir' and especially 'nimgir', makes me think of a word resembling Greek νύμφη nymphē "bride", most probably a substratum word (nim? 'bride'? + ĝar,'to deliver' = "bride's male attendant").<br />Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-16565005648185711352017-04-21T11:55:25.944-07:002017-04-21T11:55:25.944-07:00One other thought is that it (or at least the &quo...One other thought is that it (or at least the "gir" part) could be related to PA *k’ar- ‘to call to’: Proto-Semitic *k’ar-aʔ- that we have been talking about, meaning ‘to call to’ and Proto-Indo-European *k’er-/*k’or-/*k’r̥ (according to Bomhard) meaning ‘to cry out, to call, to screech’, like Sanskrit járate ‘to call out to, to address, to invoke' (Pokorny' root *ger- ‘to call hoarsely’. But the ni- (na-) part looks like a Semitic grammar element, I think.Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-72220471031942451522017-04-21T11:30:12.398-07:002017-04-21T11:30:12.398-07:00Sum. niĝir, wr. niĝir; li-bi-ir "herald"...Sum. niĝir, wr. niĝir; li-bi-ir "herald" Akk. nagiru (town) crier, herald, is of uncertain origin; some say it's Akkadian, others Sumerian.<br /><br />http://psd.museum.upenn.edu/epsd/e4242.html<br /><br />https://books.google.gr/books?id=HZilCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA340&lpg=PA340&dq=nagiru+akkadian&source=bl&ots=Zu4hABSZ3j&sig=LNjd1rsRcihpR8-o5SWhOZ4XFdg&hl=el&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie1pi8jrbTAhVHUlAKHe7ECooQ6AEINTAD#v=onepage&q=nagiru%20akkadian&f=false<br /><br />http://www.assyrianlanguages.org/akkadian/dosearch.php?searchkey=1913&language=id<br /><br />According to J. Halloran: "niñir(2), miñir(2): a bride's male attendant; herald, night watchman, town crier; bailiff (probable conflation of separate words: mí,'woman' and nim,'morning', + ñar,'to deliver').<br />Also, according to Halloran's Sum. Lexicon 2006 edition "herald, night watchman, town crier; bailiff; a bride's male attendant (conflation of separate words: Akkadian nāgiru(m), '(town) crier, herald' and mi2,'woman' + ĝar,'to deliver').<br /><br />The meaning as "town" herald, reminds of Skrt. nagar = city, town.<br />http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:5129.bahri<br /><br />If we take nagar and make a reversion an- instead of na- then we have angar-, which reminds of Persian "angaros" (a grecised form) 'Persian mounted courier', which leads us also to Greek ἄγγελος angelos "a messenger; one that announces;(later) angel, heavenly spirit". Of uncertain origin.<br /><br />https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%84%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82<br /><br />Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-50450012769149744232017-04-19T10:51:30.705-07:002017-04-19T10:51:30.705-07:00The root (s)neg is absent in Greek. I was thinking...The root (s)neg is absent in Greek. I was thinking that a root *negʷ- exists most probably in Greek nebris = "panther skin", worn by god Dionysus / Bakkhos, also by his maenads, fauns and satyrs, like here: <br />http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/a-roman-terracotta-campana-relief-circa-early-5673369-details.aspx<br /><br />Yet, nebris seems to be from νεβρός nebros "fawn" (little deer). "The nebris while originally a fawn skin has been shown as a panther or fox skin in different contexts." From wikipedia:<br />http://new-indology.blogspot.gr/2016/12/sumerian-and-indo-european-multifarious.html#comment-form<br /><br />Chantraine seems to think about a root *(s)negʷ and a connection with a meaning of (dark) "colour" and perhaps a connection to Latin niger "(shining) black" and perhaps Armenian nerk "tint, dye, colour". <br />Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-63196170838015482212017-04-14T06:44:47.860-07:002017-04-14T06:44:47.860-07:00About *kʷer-, the Greek reflexes like πέλωρ pelōr...About *kʷer-, the Greek reflexes like πέλωρ pelōr or τέρας teras mean "monster, gigantic or marvelous being or thing", "Ungeheuer" as it's called in German. But generally, the meaning of this root is "to do, to make, to form", including the Indic words.<br /><br />https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/k%CA%B7er-<br /><br />The conclusion is that a root meaning generally "to do, make etc" can include reflexes meaning "gigantic or terrible creature". <br /><br />So, I have some other daring hypothesis about Sum. piriĝ, since its form reminds me the Gr. word "to do, to make, to ".<br />That is πράσσω prā́ssō or πράττω prā́ttō (or πρήσσω prḗssō). From Proto-Hellenic *prā́ťťō, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-k-yé-ti, a *k-enlargement of *per(h₂)- (“to go over, gross”).<br /><br />https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%83%CF%89<br /><br />It is this *pr̥h₂-k-yé, that reminds me of Sum. "piriĝ"; in this case it could mean an great-formed or "over-formed" creature.<br /><br />And as you know, I'm very much inclined to think that a root *per- may come from a root *kwer.<br />Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-45179684398715089112017-04-14T05:54:34.433-07:002017-04-14T05:54:34.433-07:00Hesychius gives also a word πιρίσσας pirissas = ἐλ...Hesychius gives also a word πιρίσσας pirissas = ἐλέφας elephas "elephant". Obviously, this "pirissas" is a foreign word, connected to Akk. pīru etc. But I think it resembles also with Sum. piriĝ, wr. piriĝ; piriĝ3; bi2-ri-iĝ3; ĝešpiriĝ; piriĝ2 "lion; bull, wild bull" (Akk. lû; lābu; nēšu; rīmu). As piriĝ or piriĝ3 it looks identical with ug = lion. Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-58484039623136144492017-04-13T14:49:33.463-07:002017-04-13T14:49:33.463-07:00In Sumerian the older word for "elephant"...In Sumerian the older word for "elephant" seems to be this one:<br />amsi [ELEPHANT] (46x: ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian) wr. am-si "elephant" Akk. pīru. According to Halloran is am-si: elephant ('wild ox' + 'horn, ray, antenna'; cf., šu-si, 'finger'). This looks a normal compound word in Sumerian.<br /><br />More curious is Sum. tillug [ELEPHANT] (3x: Old Babylonian) wr. til-lu-ug "elephant" Akk. pīru. According to Halloran's Sumerian Lexicon, older edition: til-lu-ug: elephant ('lion-killer' ?); 2006 edition: elephant ('lion-killer' ? or 'battle elephant' ?; pi3 = BAD = TIL, Akkadian pīru(m), pīlu, pēru; Persian pīr, Hebrew pīl, 'elepant' <br /> There is also Sum. bilam [ELEPHANT] (1x: ED IIIa) wr. bi2-lam "elephant" Akk. pīru<br /><br />A first note is that in tillug (til-lu-ug) the last sign -ug means "lion". The second is that in Akkadian (as in other tongues) "elephant" is pīru or pīlu. Yet, in Sumerian the first part is til-lu (I think Hallloran implies that there is a reading pi3 = TIL).<br />If we assume that til- and pīr- / pīl- come from the same root, I think we can think of the root which in IE is kʷer-1, according to Pokorny. <br /><br />https://lrc.la.utexas.edu/lex/master/1098<br /><br />Here there is also Gr. πέλωρ pelōr n.neut "monster". Pokorny also writes (from Dnghu): gr. τέρας teras n. `Wunderzeichen', πέλωρ pelōr n. `Ungetöm, Ungeheuer', τελώριος telōrios μέγας megas, πελώριος pelōrios Hes.; das π- p- is Äolismus; πέλωρ pelōr, τέλωρ telōr from *πέρωρ *perōr, *τέρωρ *terōr dissimilated.<br /><br />So, I would say that both Akkadian pīru / pīlu and Sum. til-lu of til-lu-ug could be of a root like kʷer, mening, in case of elephant "monstrous formed" (or perhaps "monstrous lion" in case of Sumerian). A question is though the long value of ī in <br />Akkadian pīru.<br /><br />Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-63359003282451427202017-04-10T11:54:30.997-07:002017-04-10T11:54:30.997-07:00Also, since naga means also "elephant", ...Also, since naga means also "elephant", supposing a connection to PAA *labVʔ (through dissimilation, as speculated above), we can think of some connection to Gr. ἐλέφας elephas "elephant, ivory" [Genitive is ἐλέφαντος elephantos]. <br />According to Wikipedia: From a compound of Proto-Berber *eḷu and either Egyptian 𓍋𓃀𓅱𓌟 (3bw) or Sanskrit इभ (íbha). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek (e-re-pa), (e-re-pa-to).<br /><br />https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%90%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%82#Ancient_Greek<br /><br />Yet, "elephas" (a loanword) could be closer to some archaic word for elephant, and the other words (like eḷu, 3bw, Skt. íbha or Latin ebur coulbe be some contracted forms. For example, about *labVʔ-, there are some cognates which seem contracted, like Eblaitic ab-ba-um = PIRIG [MEE 4 96 V 4] or a word Mhr. ǝwbīt 'female animal in season'.<br />Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-54638605900994123382017-04-10T11:08:53.662-07:002017-04-10T11:08:53.662-07:00Another PAA root about lion etc:
Proto-Afro-Asiati...Another PAA root about lion etc:<br />Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *lič(-Vm)-<br />Meaning: lion, leopard<br />Semitic: *layt_- 'lion'<br />Western Chadic: *lu/išu/im- 'leopard'<br />Beḍauye (Beja): loliš, noliš 'cat' (?)<br /><br />http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fsemham%2fsemet&text_number=2474&root=config<br /><br />http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fsemham%2fsemet&text_number=2474&root=config<br /><br />About the Proto-Semitic: *layt_- Starling notes:<br />Hebrew: layiš 'lion' [KB 529], pB. [Ja. 710]. A rare poetic term (Is 30.6, Jb 4.11, Pr 30.30).<br />Aramaic: Sam. lyt 'lion', lyth 'lioness' [Tal 438].<br />Judaic Aramaic: lētā, laytā 'lion' [Ja. 710], [Levy WT I 410], [+++].<br />Arabic: layt_- 'lion' The widespread attribution of Akk. nēšu 'lion' to the present root is absolutely untenable: while the irregular *l- vs. n- can probably be explained by contamination with PS *labVʔ- (as suggested in [Landsberger Fauna 76]), consistent e-spellings in Babylonian safely exlude *y as the second radical. Alternative etymological proposals for the Akk. term see in No. ... . Relationship of Gr. lĩs 'lion' to the present root is admitted as possible in [Gamkrelidze-Ivanov 510] (but cf. [Masson 86]). [Fron. 292]: *nayt_- 'leone' (Arb., Hbr., Jud., Akk. /nēšu/); [Hommel 288]: *lait_u (Arb., Jud., Hbr.); [KB 529]: Hbr., Arb. (layt_-, layas- [sic!]), Jud., Akk. (nēšu).<br />--------------<br />I would say also here that *nayt_- seems to be the preferable older root ( N > L).Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-73854440478683641562017-04-10T10:58:19.975-07:002017-04-10T10:58:19.975-07:00Something like nig / lib. One could notice also th...Something like nig / lib. One could notice also that the word for "fox" (ka in Sumerian) is written, for some reason, like the word "lib" (meaning inner body - heart" in Sumerian); I think that's why Whittaker says that this writing implies an IE word like Gr. alopex "fox"; I think lib looks like a dissimilated nig "bitch, lioness".<br />Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-8114427589242257472017-04-10T10:49:12.158-07:002017-04-10T10:49:12.158-07:00Another PAA root for "lion" is this one:...Another PAA root for "lion" is this one:<br />Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *labVʔ- ~ *lVb-ar-<br />Meaning: large feline<br />Semitic: *labiʔ- 'lion' 1, 'lioness' 2<br />Egyptian: *laʔb- 'lion' (?)<br />Central Chadic: *ʔa-libar-- 'lion'<br />East Chadic: *larb- 'leopard' (met. <*lab-r-)<br />Saho-Afar: *lub-ak- 'lion'<br />Low East Cushitic: *lib-aḥ- 'lion'<br />Notes: Cf. HSED 1636 (Sem.; Sura; CCh; SaAf; Som.); EDE I 61 (Eg. ꜣby 'panther' XVIII; Sem.; Agaw *yib-; PSam *libā-ḥ; SaAf; cf. Hs râbíí 'leopard')<br /><br />http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fsemham%2fafaset&text_number=2279&root=config<br /><br />http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fsemham%2fsemet&text_number=2471&root=config<br /><br />About the Hebrew cognate, Starling notes:<br />"Hebrew: lābī(ʔ) 'lioness' [KB 517], lǝbiyyā id. [ibid.], libʔā id. [ibid. 515], läbä(ʔ) 'lion' [ibid.]. An exlusively poetic term, usually in parallelism with ʔaryē and other terms for lion. Already in [BDB 522] it was doubted that l. meant specifically 'lioness' and not just 'lion' (cf. the categoric statement in [Sima 111]: "die Uebersetzung "Löwin" ... ist schwerlich korrekt"). For the present authors, it seems pretty certain that at least in some passages the meaning 'lioness' is beyond doubt. See first of all Jb 38.39 where l., to- gether with the whelps, is described as the object of the male lion's care (hătāṣūd lǝlābī(ʔ) ṭāräp // wǝḥayyat kǝpīrīm tǝmallē(ʔ) 'do you provide the lioness with food? // do you sa- tisfy the appetite of the whelps?'). The same can be said about Na 2.13 (ʔaryē ṭōrēp bǝdē gōrōtāw // ūmǝḥannēḳ lǝlibʔōtāw 'a lion providing his whelps with food // strangling [prey] for his lionesses'). In post-Biblical Hebrew, lābī(ʔ) does denote male lion while a special fem. form lǝbīʔā, lǝbīyā is used for 'lioness' (cf. byn lbyʔ wlbyʔh 'between lion and lioness' [Ja. 689]). <br /><br />Hebrew lābī(ʔ)'lioness'or lǝbiyyā, libʔā looks like a dissimilated (like nigir / libir) form of word very much close to Sum. nig "lioness". Also lab- of Akk. labbu (labʔu, lābu) could be compared to "nag-" of Skt. naga (even if it doesnt' mean lion but snake / elephant).Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-86096879220399645622017-04-09T01:41:52.218-07:002017-04-09T01:41:52.218-07:00Sum. nin "queen; mistress, owner; lord" ...Sum. nin "queen; mistress, owner; lord" is said also to be derived from a redupicated ni "fear" (nini > nin); the names of some small animals include the "nin", like ninka (and ninkilim) "mongoose" (Akk. šikkû), ninkamašmaš "rodent".<br /><br />Sum. ni also reminds me a Gr. word ἐνεός eneos (of unknown origin) meaning "speechless, still (from astonishment or awe), mute (because of a shock), astounded" etc. maybe from en-neos, or perhaps the initial e- is a prosthetic vowel. Maube there is a relation; it is a speculation though. <br /><br />http://biblehub.com/greek/1769.htmKyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-90459349401599391812017-04-09T00:54:42.309-07:002017-04-09T00:54:42.309-07:00Nirjhar and Daniel discussed about "nigru&quo...Nirjhar and Daniel discussed about "nigru" and the root of snake, Mayrhofer's view etc at the third post (January 2016).<br />Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-23448525421425623342017-04-09T00:29:51.078-07:002017-04-09T00:29:51.078-07:00About the possible connection with "snake&quo...About the possible connection with "snake", there is also a Sum. word nigru = "snake charmer".<br />Also a root like *negʷ it could fit better for nib "cheetah, leopard" I think.Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-70983514572287175092017-04-08T15:00:33.525-07:002017-04-08T15:00:33.525-07:00I meant nagna "naked". Could be this roo...I meant nagna "naked". Could be this root (**negʷ- "bare, naked") connected too?<br />https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/neg%CA%B7-Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-81607166696527785722017-04-08T14:28:17.216-07:002017-04-08T14:28:17.216-07:00I understand that Mayrhofer thinks that nāgá canno...I understand that Mayrhofer thinks that nāgá cannot be connected to the root of "snake", since it means also "elephant", which is, like a snake, a "hairless" animal; so he connects it with the word naga "naked". Yet, I think that a connection of *(s)neg with Sum. nig (which is not only about snakes, but about wild beasts - lioness and bitch) could match also with the meaning "hairless" ("naked"); since "nig" is (in Sumerian) about female lions and dogs; especially a lioness seems "naked" compared to a (male) lion with its huge mane.<br />Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-57340608966006919522017-04-08T12:17:07.627-07:002017-04-08T12:17:07.627-07:00It makes you wonder if there is also a connection ...It makes you wonder if there is also a connection of Sum *nig to *(s)neg (and Skrt. nāgá, English snake etc)<br />https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sneg-<br /><br />meaning perhaps something like "creeping wild beas or lion. At least in Greek there is a word χαμαιλέων "chameleon" for a lizard, meaning "lion of the ground", most probably influenced by an Akkadian term. From wikipedia:<br />The English word chameleon is a simplified spelling of Latin chamaeleōn, a borrowing of the Greek χαμαιλέων (khamailéōn),[3] a compound of χαμαί (khamaí) "on the ground"[4] and λέων (léōn) "lion".[5][6] The Greek word is a calque translating the Akkadian nēš qaqqari, literally "lion of the ground".<br />See here:<br />https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chameleon<br /><br />Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-16781577644949451022017-04-08T11:59:41.226-07:002017-04-08T11:59:41.226-07:00Starostin continues with an interesting remark for...Starostin continues with an interesting remark for a comparison to Hebrew nāḥāš 'snake':<br />"The above etymological interpretation of Akk. nēšu is accepted by Militarev and regarded as possible though not very likely by Kogan who would prefer a different solution. In Gilgamesh ... (v. [Parpola 113, 306]) the serpent is called nēšu ša ḳaḳḳari 'lion of the earth' (or 'of the Netherworld' as suggested to us by Ms. N.Roudik who finds the same usage in the compound alap erṣetim designating the scoprion in the Mari incantation ...). A similar compound term is found in Ebla (na-iš ḳàr-ga-rí-im, equated to Sum. NIN.KI, cf. [Sjöberg 20-1]) so that the Gilgamesh usage does not seem occasional but rather reflecting an old tradition in the Akkadian-speaking area. Now, there is no need to stress that Akk. nēšu and Ebl. na-iš are ex- cellent phonetic parallels to Hbr. nāḥāš 'snake' [KB 690], pB. [Ja. 896]. On the other hand, the Akk. and Ebl. compounds find a striking structural counterpart in Gez. where the main term for snake is ʔarwe mǝdr, literally 'beast of the earth' [LGz. 40] (the first element being obviously cognate to Hbr. ʔaryē 'lion'). In several Neo-Ethiopian languages it is only the first part of the compound that designates the snake (e.g. Tgr. ʔarwe [LH 359]). Departing from the above considerations, the following hypothetic picture can be proposed. For Proto-Semitic, two terms with the meaning 'wild beast' (*ʔarway- and *naḥaš-) are postulated (in some languages acquiring a more concrete meaning 'lion': Hbr. ʔaryē, Akk. nēšu). Combined with words for 'earth', they participated in compound terms meaning 'snake' which reflect a Common Semitic concept of the snake as the "beast/lion of the earth/Netherworld" (likely of tabooizing nature). In some cases the compound form survived (Akk. nēšu ša ḳaḳḳari, Ebl. na-iš ḳarḳarim, Gez. ʔarwe mǝdr) but sometimes it was only the first element that came to mean 'serpent, snake' (Tgr. ʔarwe, Hbr. nāḥāš), the meaning 'wild beast, lion' being lost without leaving a trace in the respective languages. Kogan's approach (present in nuce already in [Mowinckel 98-] and [Pope 179-180]) implies a PS reconstruction *naḥaš- 'wild beast, lion' based on Akk. nēšu, Ebl. na-iš and Hbr. nāḥāš. Here also belongs Ugr. nḥš '...' [DLU ...] found several times in the incantation 1.100 as well as in 1.107:5 (p nḥš 'mouth of a snake') and 1.103+:2 (ʕlh nḥ[š] yʔat_r 'a "snake" follows it') and surpirsingly absent from other Ugr. texts dealing with real and mythical snakes. At the same time, it makes unlikely the traditional comparison of Hbr. nāḥāš to Arb. ḥanaš- 'reptile: serpent, vipère, etc.' [BK 1 503], [LA VI 289] (so e.g. [Firmage 1156]) which presupposes a metathesis and an irregular sibilant correspondence (rejected in [Barr 97]) as well as to the name of the Mesopotamian serpent-god S̆aḫan (for which see [Landsberger Fauna 61]).Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-6139175867528533512017-04-08T11:54:02.046-07:002017-04-08T11:54:02.046-07:00I think there is a parallel at least of AA ḥ/ Sum....I think there is a parallel at least of AA ḥ/ Sum. g (pronounced as k?). For the Akkadian equivalent of nig, as nēštu "lioness", I think there is this word (from Starling):<br />Number: 2487<br />Proto-Semitic: *nVhVš-<br />Meaning: lion<br />Akkadian: nēšu 'lion' OB on [CAD n2 193], [AHw. 783], nēštu 'lioness' OB Mari, SB [CAD n2 192], [AHw. 783]. The main term for lion in Akkadian and the only one attested outside literary texts. More details see in [Salonen Jagd 220-].<br />Arabic: nahhās-, nahūs-, minhas- 'lion' [BK 2 1355], [TA XIV 586-7].<br />Notes: The present comparison (proposed already in [Hommel 282, 292]), is usually left out of consideration by more recent scholars who prefer relating Akk. nēšu to Arb. layt_- (which is definitely impossible, cf. No. ...). Problems implied by the present approach should not be ignored either: if the middle radical in Proto-Akkadian was *h, the e-colouring in nēšu is irregular whereas the Arb. form can be regarded as a secondary internal designation from nhs 'saisir et arracher un morceau de chair avec les dents de devant' [BK 2 1355] (so [TA]; for a critique of Hommel's comparison v. also [Yushmanov 149]). Kyriakos Samelishttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09514429998909094452noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-222229208055459153.post-74076273999645428632017-04-08T05:42:13.588-07:002017-04-08T05:42:13.588-07:00The connection of the AA words with neikos, etc. s...The connection of the AA words with neikos, etc. seems good, if we find other parallels of AA ḥ/ IE k. It seems also absent in Indo-Iranian. <br />And the meaning 'fear' of nah- seems limited to Anatolian, so that can be a loanword from Semitic.<br /><br />Sum. ni 'aura' (see also ni gur 'awesome', nigal 'radiance') and IE nei- 'to shine' seems a good comparison. Here there are some examples, mixed with the root of enmity, I guess to be distinguished:<br />https://lrc.la.utexas.edu/lex/master/1365Giacomo Benedettihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/18418729274995219594noreply@blogger.com